Many liver diseases, chronic alcoholism, drug intoxication leads to serious changes in this organ.
Under the influence of toxic effects, the cells die off, in their place connective tissue is formed, which leads to cirrhosis.
The liver performs many functions, and since its damage is observed, the body remains without the main detoxification organ. A diet for liver cirrhosis is needed to reduce the load on this body.
Proper nutrition will improve his condition, prevent further changes.
What does nutrition depend on in case of liver cirrhosis?
Often you can face the problem that the diet with cirrhosis of the liver has conflicting recommendations. One source says that protein should be reduced, the other - on the contrary, it also applies to salt, water, fat. If you do not understand, you can get confused and use the wrong products that harm the liver. In fact, everything is simple.
Recommendations depend on the functional state of the body. If the cirrhosis is compensated (the cells have not yet died, the function is not significantly impaired), the diet does not limit the amount of protein, water, salt, the menu is more diverse. In the case of decompensation, when the liver tissue is replaced by connective tissue, and it does not function normally, the main task is to reduce the load on the liver. To this end, with a diet foods that irritate the liver are removed or stimulate its work.
General diet rules for liver cirrhosis
As with compensated and decompensated cirrhosis, nutrition should be fractional. Portions are small, ideally, should fit in the palm of your hand, but frequent, 4 - 5 times a day. Thus, it is possible to avoid excessive load on the liver, improve the functioning of the digestive organs.
Calorie reduction is not necessary, only in the case of obesity, and under the supervision of a physician. But since in patients with cirrhosis there is a decrease in body weight, nutrition should be full (2800-3500 kcal).
The main source of energy - carbohydrates, they dominate the menu.
Be sure to enter the body should be vitamins, especially group B.
Diet for liver cirrhosis involves reducing to a minimum the amount of salt, with compensated cirrhosis, it is enough to consume 8 g per day, with decompensation it is advisable not to salt food, the daily rate is 3-4 g maximum.
Food should be at room temperature, too hot or cold stimulates the gallbladder, which leads to spasm and stagnation of bile.
Exclude fried foods, boiled or baked dishes are allowed in the diet with liver cirrhosis.
Diet for cirrhosis of the liver: say "No" to fasting
It is widely believed that therapeutic fasting helps with many diseases and is almost a panacea. But in the case of cirrhosis, this is a dangerous procedure.
If the body does not receive a sufficient amount of nutrients, energy is taken from its own tissues. For example, when a protein deficiency breaks down muscle tissue, ammonia is formed, which is very toxic to the body. Since the liver does not work normally, cannot neutralize it, it leads to hepatic encephalopathy.
With prolonged fasting, their own stocks begin to be spent. Fat deposits that are in the body, break down to fatty acids. They also affect the liver.
Important! Starvation in case of liver cirrhosis will only bring harm, worsen the condition, and may cause complications. Because it is strictly prohibited!
Compensated form of cirrhosis. Power Features
In this embodiment, the cells have not lost the function of assimilating protein, neutralizing the products of its decay, especially ammonia. Because the number of proteins is not limited, they are necessary for the body, as a building material, a source of amino acids. As a result, the liver resumes faster, slowing down the process of its death.
A diet with cirrhosis of the liver allows 130 - 140 g of protein, preferably cottage cheese, egg whites, fish, lean meat, soy, milk.
Fat should be 80 -90 g per day, the advantage is given to plants, animals are excluded. The only exception is butter, you can add a teaspoon to porridge, make a sandwich.
Carbohydrates - the basis of the diet is allowed up to 450 g. In the minimum amount, it can be sweets: honey, jam, jelly, fruit, cookies, but their amount should not exceed ¼ of all carbohydrates.
The amount of water is not limited, enough to drink daily rate: 1.5 - 2 liters.
Reduction of salt is necessary in case of cirrhosis up to 8 g per day, try not to salt the food, or do a small amount.
Decompensated cirrhosis. What to limit?
When cells do not perform their function, it is impossible to load the liver.
amount squirrel reduced to a minimum, in severe condition, it is generally excluded. It is allowed to consume up to 30 g in the form of cottage cheese, proteins, lean fish, meat.
Fat mostly vegetable, limited to 50-60 g
Carbohydrates are the main source of energy, increasing their number to 450 grams per day.
Salt. The decompensation of cirrhosis is often accompanied by ascites (accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity). The salt contains sodium, which retains water in the body. In order not to aggravate the condition, you need to give up salt as much as possible, adhere to the norm of 3 - 4 g per day. When cooking, do not add salt, as in finished products: bread, biscuits, pasta already contains salt, and its amount must be taken into account. You can replace a small amount of lemon juice, vinegar, spices, which do not include salt.
Also limit the amount water. It is advisable to drink no more than 500-700 ml of water per day in order not to retain fluid in the body.
Prohibited Products:
Fried food. In the process of frying, under the action of high temperature toxic forms of fat are formed that affect the liver.
A diet with cirrhosis of the liver categorically prohibits the use of any type of alcohol. The liver takes part in its neutralization, secretes enzymes that contribute to its removal. If the liver is affected, alcohol adversely affects many organs and systems, in particular, the nervous system. In addition, it directly affects the liver cells themselves, worsening the condition.
Salty, spicy foods (sausages, canned goods, herring, pickled vegetables, mustard, ketchup).
Vegetables, which include essential oil (onion, garlic, radish), sorrel.
Mushrooms, legumes. Although they are a source of protein, they are hard and long digested and create additional stress on the liver.
Fresh baked bread, cookies, fresh baking.
Fat of animal origin (pork, beef), fatty meats, fish, chicken with skin, liver, kidneys, heart.
Sour cream, cream, high fat cottage cheese should be replaced with low-fat versions.
Tea, strong coffee, carbonated drinks.
Permitted to use:
Yesterday's pastry bakery products: white and rye bread, crackers, baked pies with fruit, cottage cheese.
Lean meat, fish. Recommended beef, chicken, turkey without skin and fat, rabbit. You can cook in the form of patties, chops, meatballs, pilau with boiled meat.
The diet for liver cirrhosis includes soups only on vegetable broth with grits, you can add boiled meat or fish.
Egg whites baked or boiled. Limit yolk to one per day.
Vegetables in any form. You can eat raw, boiled, steamed or stewed. In the period of decompensation, grind vegetables in the form of mashed potatoes, which have a lot of fiber.
Cereals should form the basis of the diet. Crumbly or ground, you can add milk. Pasta allowed.
Berries, fruits, honey, jam, marshmallows. Dried fruits are especially useful because they are a source of potassium, which is necessary for decompensating cirrhosis.
Loose tea, compote juice, jelly can be consumed in small quantities.
Butter is added to cereals, desserts, soups no more than 1 tsp.
Dairy products, sour cream, cream, take the lowest fat content or dilute in half with water.
Sample menu for the day with compensated cirrhosis
Breakfast: rice milk porridge (use non-fat milk or dilute with water) 300 g, grate an apple with carrot, add 1 teaspoon honey and olive oil, compote or weak tea, you can with milk.
Snack: pie with boiled meat and rice, baked in the oven, yesterday's pastries - 100 g, compote.
Dinner: pasta with butter 200 g, steamed fish or chicken cutlet 100 g, salad from fresh vegetables, seasoned with olive oil or low-fat sour cream 100 g
Snack: low-fat cottage cheese 200 g, dried fruit 40 g, jam 10 g. Mix the ingredients.
Dinner: mashed potatoes 150 g, a slice of yesterday's pastry, an omelette with 3 egg whites and one steamed yolk, a slice of baked fish 100 g
For the night You can try to drink kefir, if there is no discomfort, it is recommended to use it regularly.
Menu at decompensation includes:
Breakfast: Baked buckwheat porridge with milk 150 g, baked pear with honey.
Snack: crackers with milk.
Dinner: vegetable soup with ground vegetables and macaroni 200 g, chicken soufflé, steamed 80 g, cherry jelly 150 g
Snack: casserole of semolina and fruit - a piece, rosehip decoction.
Dinner: carrot-potato puree with butter 200 g, yesterday's pastry bread 30 g, two boiled egg whites.
Diet for cirrhosis: delicious food
To diet with cirrhosis of the liver was more diverse, you can use a lot of recipes, redoing them a bit and eliminating harmful products.
Pumpkin Oatmeal Casserole
The recipe is quite simple, and all the products are on hand.
It is necessary to clean the pumpkin 400 g, cut into pieces and boil in water until tender. It is recommended to choose an orange pumpkin, it is sweeter and you can reduce the amount of sugar. Then grind in the form of mashed potatoes, add 120 g of oatmeal and leave for half an hour, so they swelled. In the finished mixture put a tablespoon of honey, beaten egg white. Carefully place in the baking mold (it is better to use silicone, since it is not necessary to lubricate it with additional oil) and put it in the oven at 180 degrees until golden brown (30 - 40 minutes).
Lazy dumplings
You must take a low-fat cottage cheese 200 g, grind through a sieve, add sugar or honey a tablespoon, mix. Gently introduce the egg white and 3 tablespoons of flour. From the resulting mass roll small balls and refrigerate for an hour. Next, boil water and throw balls there for a few minutes until they float up. Allow to cool, use in the form of heat, you can add jam, fruit.
The liver is an extremely important organ. In diseases, the primary task is to restore its function as soon as possible, if this is impossible, as in case of cirrhosis, to prevent progression.
In line with the drug treatment is a diet with cirrhosis of the liver, it is able to maintain normal liver function, to help in the recovery of cells.
Therefore, proper nutrition for cirrhosis is the key to successful treatment.
